Nevertheless, further studies are needed to obtain completely reliable conclusions. = 22= 40= 20) – (II) Normal diet (containing gluten) (= 20) = 61= 74= 25) – (II): Low FODMAP diet (LFD) (= 24) – (III): combination of We and II (= 25) = 41= 21) – HLA-DQ + (= 20) = 75= 35) – (II) Hypocaloric diet (= 40) = 92= 50) – (II): healthy diet (= 42) = 11= 16= 9) – (II): GFD = GFD + rice flour (10 g) (= 7) = 14= 66= 33) – (II): GFD (= 33) = 80 (4 out)= 38) – (II): GFD (= 38) = 15= 7) – (II): normal diet (= 8) 0.1; significance was stated at 0.05. Children from 3 to 6 years old took part in two of the While studies; in the additional one, age groups ranged from 6 to 17 years old. pathophysiological relationship between the diet intake of gluten or FODMAPs with mental disorders. This review collects 13 medical and randomized controlled tests, based on the PRISMA statement, which have been published in the last ten years. Based on these Berbamine hydrochloride results, limiting or ruling out gluten or FODMAPs in the diet might become beneficial for symptoms such as major depression, panic (7 out of 7 content articles found any positive effect), or cognition deficiency (improvements in several cognition test measurements in one trial), and to a lesser degree for schizophrenia and the autism spectrum. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to obtain completely reliable conclusions. = 22= 40= 20) – (II) Normal diet (comprising gluten) (= 20) = 61= 74= 25) – (II): Low FODMAP diet Berbamine hydrochloride (LFD) (= 24) – (III): combination of I and II (= 25) = 41= 21) – HLA-DQ + (= 20) = 75= 35) – (II) Hypocaloric diet (= 40) = 92= 50) – (II): healthy diet (= 42) = 11= 16= 9) – (II): GFD = GFD + rice flour (10 g) (= 7) = 14= 66= 33) – (II): GFD (= 33) = 80 (4 out)= 38) – (II): GFD (= 38) = 15= 7) – (II): normal diet (= 8) 0.1; significance was stated at 0.05. Children from 3 to 6 years aged took part in two of the AS studies; in the additional one, age groups ranged from 6 to 17 years old. Of the 13 selected studies, the female proportion was higher than the male in 7. By contrast, there were more males in 4. In one article, the female to male ratio was not declared. With regard to geographic distribution, 5 studies were carried out in Europe (Poland, Spain, Finland, Italy and United Kingdom), 1 in Asia, 4 in The United States of America and 3 in Australia (Table 1 and Table 2). Of these 13 studies, 2 were randomized double-blind crossover designs, 3 were single-blind, 4 were not-blinded and 1 was longitudinal in design. Most of the studies evaluated the effect of a GFD, whereas only 3 studies involved the LFD. In the case of major depression and panic, the checks most used were: Spielberg State Trait Personality Inventory (STPI), Hospital Anxiety and Major depression Level (HADS) and State (information including current emotional state) and Trait (information involving emotional disposition) Panic Inventory (STAI). In the case of schizophrenia, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Level (BPRS), Level for the Assessment of Bad Symptoms (SANS) and additional tests where used. Finally, in the case of the AS, Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) and Autism Spectrum Rating Level (ASRS) were used, among other checks. All scales, indices and checks are summarized in Table 1 and Table 2. One of the tests utilized for anxiety was not validated [37]. A comparison among treatment and control organizations was performed in most of the studies, whereas only 3 studies compared pre- and post-intervention variables. Moreover, 8 studies combined both comparisons. 4. Conversation Articles that link gluten- and FODMAP-containing foods with each mental sign or illness have been analysed and classified individually according to their pathology, in the following order: depression, panic, AD, schizophrenia, and AS. All the content articles collected reported human being clinical tests (in order to perform a representative analysis). Some characteristics of the studies were taken into ABCC4 account to assess their quality and facilitate comparisons between them (quantity of participants, Berbamine hydrochloride age, sex and duration of the treatment). 4.1. Major depression and Panic According to the fifth release of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Illness, major or unipolar major depression is definitely characterised by one or more.